Plant Pathology

Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases, their causes, how they spread, and how to manage or prevent them. It involves understanding interactions between plants, pathogens (like fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes), and environmental factors.

Plant Pathology

1. Pathogens – Microorganisms that cause diseases in plants, such as:

   • Fungi (e.g., rusts, mildews, blights)

   • Bacteria (e.g., wilt, leaf spots)

   • Viruses (e.g., mosaic viruses)

   • Nematodes (microscopic worms attacking roots)

   • Phytoplasmas & Viroids (small infectious agents)

2. Symptoms & Diagnosis – Identifying plant diseases through symptoms like leaf spots, wilting, necrosis, and abnormal growth. Advanced techniques like PCR, ELISA, and microscopy help diagnose diseases.

3. Disease Cycles – Understanding how pathogens infect plants, spread, and survive across seasons.

4. Management Strategies

   • Cultural Control – Crop rotation, sanitation, proper spacing

   • Chemical Control – Fungicides, bactericides, nematicides

   • Biological Control – Using beneficial microbes to suppress pathogens

   • Resistant Varieties – Breeding plants for disease resistance

   • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – Combining multiple methods for effective disease control

5. Plant-Pathogen Interactions – Studying how plants defend against infections and how pathogens overcome plant immunity.

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