Pathology 

Pathology is the branch of medical science that studies the causes, mechanisms, and effects of diseases. It bridges basic science and clinical medicine, providing critical insights into disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment.

  1. General Pathology

    • Focuses on fundamental disease processes such as cell injury, inflammation, healing, and neoplasia.
  2. Systemic Pathology

    • Studies specific diseases affecting individual organs and systems (e.g., cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal pathology).
  3. Anatomical Pathology

    • Examines structural changes in tissues and organs through biopsies, autopsies, and cytological samples.
    • Includes histopathology, cytopathology, and forensic pathology.
  4. Clinical Pathology (Laboratory Medicine)

    • Involves laboratory analysis of bodily fluids (blood, urine, etc.) to diagnose diseases.
    • Includes hematology, microbiology, immunology, and chemical pathology.
  5. Molecular Pathology

    • Focuses on genetic and molecular alterations in diseases, crucial for personalized medicine and targeted therapies.

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